After the war, Swiss-French architect, designer and urban planner Charles Edouard Jeanneret, better known as Le Corbusier (1887-1965), was committed with the planning, the design and construction of the city of Chandigarh, the first planned city in India.
After the partition of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947, the former British province of Punjab was split between India and Pakistan. The Indian state of Punjab required a new capital city to replace Lahore, which became part of Pakistan during the partition, and so Chandigarh, the first planned city in India, was created. Chandigarh (Chandi, the Indian goddess of power – garh, meaning fortress) is known internationally for its architecture and urban design.
The construction of this new city began in 1951, to symbolise India’s entrance into the modern age (the work would last more than 10 years).
Le Corbusier appointed his cousin, the Swiss architect Pierre Jeanneret (1896 -1967) to oversee the construction sites and to design the furniture. So everything in Chandigarh was fashioned by this dynamic duo.
Chandigarh Writing chair Pierre Jeanneret
Image source 1stdibs
Le Corbusier (sitting in the ‘Committee’ chair) and Pierre Jeanneret in The Committee Room.
Image sourceChandigarh Tourism
Pierre Jeanneret designed furniture for the various public and private buildings, using local available wood (teak or sissoo) and hiring local craftsmen, which gave his furniture its own special character, designed in the same spirit as the city, in the same school of thoughts.
Until a few years ago those most incredible Jeannerret creations were sold for a few rupees in India (if they weren’t chopped up for teak or left to rot after they broke), but nowadays they are much sought-after by furniture-lovers and collectors all over the world and have been auctioned for small fortunes.
With her 40 minutes film ‘Provenance’ (2013) the American director Amie Siegel made visible the Chandigarh furniture’s movement around the globe. The film starts with the furniture seen nowadays in residences of collectors from all over the world. Then the film moves backwards to the auction houses (where this furniture has been auctioned for record prices) and preview exhibitions,…to restoration, cargo shipping containers and Indian ports. And the film is ending finally in Chandigarh.
This kind of montage exposes the circuits of ownership and history that influence the furniture's fluctuating value.
Image source Amie Siegel 'Provenance'
Although the Chandigarh furniture collection is composed of much more than only seating furniture pieces, today I would like to introduce you to the Pierre Jeanneret chairs and seats.
Chandigarh ‘committee’ chair in the dining room of a private apartment in Paris by Joseph Dirand.
Image source Pinterest
Committee chair Image source 1stdibs
Chandigarh ‘office’ armchair in a living room by Nicolas Schuybroek.
Image source Nicolas Schuybroek Publication ‘Le Corbusier Pierre Jeanneret Chandigarh, India’ Galerie Patrick Seguin
Office chair Image source 1stdibs
Chandigarh ‘office’ chair in a dining room by Nicolas Schuybroek.
Image source Nicolas Schuybroek
Detail Office cane armchair Image source 1stdibs
Chandigarh caned and ebonized-teak ‘office’ chair in a dining room by Rose Tarlow.
Image source Architectural Digest Photography by Scott Frances
A large number of the Chandigarh furniture were entered in a register kept in the secretariat of the various administrations and the inventory number was stenciled in white, preferably at the back or on one side of the furniture, allowing their location. Not all public locations furniture was marked and many have erased with time. The furniture pieces for the Chandigarh private houses were never marked.
Easy armchair 1952 Image source MDBA Galerie Patrick Seguin and Office armchair 1959-1960 Image source Galerie Patrick Sequin
Chandigarh ‘office’ armchairs in the kitchen of a private apartment in Paris by Joseph Dirand.
Image source Yatzer Photo © Adrien Dirand / AD France n° 119, September/October 2013
Conference chair Image source 1stdibs
Chandigarh ‘lounge’ sofa and armchair in living room of a private apartment in Paris by Joseph Dirand.
Image source Yatzer Photo © Adrien Dirand / AD France n° 119, September/October 2013
Hide and teak sofa ca 1955-1956 Image source Galerie Patrick Seguin
Chandigarh ‘public’ bench and low chairs in the living room of the private apartment in Paris of decorative-arts dealers Laurence and Patrick Seguin.
Image source Architectural Digest Photography by Simon Watson
Hide and teak public bench ca 1959-1960 Image source Galerie Patrick Seguin
Chandigarh upholstered ‘easy’ chairs and ‘kangourou’ fireside chair on the cover of the book ‘Living With Light’ by Axel Vervoordt.
Image source Axel Vervoordt
Upholstered easy chair Image source Chandigarh Design © Photo Archive JD
Kangourou fireside chair (sissoo wood) Image source 1stdibs
Chandigarh ‘lounge’ chair, upholstered in a unique painted canvas. Interior design by Axel Vervoordt.
Image source Lonny magazine (courtesy of Flammarion)
Lounge chair Image source Chandigarh Design© Photo Archive JD
Chandigarh ‘armless easy’ chair in a living room by Vincent Van Duysen.
Image source Vincent Van Duysen Photography Koen Van Damme
Armless easy chair Image source Chandigarh Design © Photo Archive JD
A man sat working on, and next to, an original Pierre Jeanneret teak armchair at the Forestry Department in Chandigarh, India.Image source The New York Times
“ Every working day for the past 20 years, Suresh Kanwar, a civil engineer in Chandigarh’s Forestry Department, has been sitting on the same battered wooden chair, an object he said had “no beauty” even if it was, “for office use, very comfortable.” (text source The New York Times)
As the furniture fell into disrepair, it was thrown into government storerooms and often sold for peanuts.
Years ago there definitely was a general lack of appreciation of Chandigarh’s architecture and interior design by the administration and the general public in India.
Image souce Pinterest
Image source Pinterest
Image source Pinterest
The city authorities, who are applying for Unesco World Heritage status, have ordered that no more furniture will be auctioned, and prisoners in the local jail have been commissioned to start restoring some of the broken pieces. Nowadays, Indians are aware of Chandigarh's rich cultural heritage. Since January 2011, it has been illegal to remove any furniture from the city unless the authorities and the Ministry of Culture give their permission.
Chandigarh ‘writing’ chairs at a jail in Chandigarh, after inmates had restored them.
Image source The New York Times
If you want to know more about the Chandigarh furniture, here are some interesting articles aned websites where you will find interesting information :
http://www.chandigarh-design.com
http://www.patrickseguin.com/en/designers/pierre-jeanneret/available-pieces-pierre-jeanneret
http://amiesiegel.net/project/provenance
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/19/world/asia/19chandigarh.html
http://chandigarhtourism.gov.in
Finally,I would love to share with you an interesting publication : ‘Le Corbusier–Pierre Jeanneret, Chandigarh, India’, by Paris based art dealer Patrick Seguin, who is specialized in furniture and architecture of the 20th century.
This comprehensive work is dedicated to the massive Chandigarh project, of which the architecture and furniture are considered today as essential in the history of the 20th century.
Cover book ‘Le Corbusier–Pierre Jeanneret, Chandigarh, India’
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